Amino acids, peptides, monosaccharides, trace elements, vitamins, etc. – a source of essential and easily absorbable nutrients for the body.

Enzymes – break down complex nutrients into simple ones so they can be absorbed by the body.

Short-chain fatty acids – provide essential nutrients and anti-inflammatory substances for the cells of the colon. They maintain the balance of the gut microbiota and the water-electrolyte balance of the intestines. They activate local and systemic immunity.

Organic acids, hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocins, antibiotic-like substances, etc. – suppress the activity and population of pathogenic microorganisms and support the development of beneficial bacteria.

Negative regulatory signaling molecules, micro-RNA, immunomodulatory metabolites, etc. – stimulate the production of immunoglobulins and cytokines that regulate innate and adaptive immunity.

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, exopolysaccharides, bifidofactors, antioxidants, etc. – metabolize xenobiotics, destroy carcinogens and metabolites causing unwanted mutations.

Neurotransmitters such as serotonin, also known as the “hormone of happiness and joy,” dopamine or the “hormone of pleasure and motivation,” acetylcholine or the “teacher of muscle activity,” gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or the “controller of fear and anxiety,” and various compounds that can bind to receptors expressed in the brain, such as indoles and bile acids – neuroactive compounds that act on both the intestinal and central nervous systems and have the potential to modulate behavior and mental activity.

Enzymes, micro RNA, biosurfactants, cytoplasmic proteins, teichoic acids, peptidoglycans, polysaccharides, etc. – regulate gene expression, destroy pathogen biofilms and prevent the formation of new ones, balance the immune response of pro-inflammatory cytokines, stimulate macrophage activity, exert anti-inflammatory activity, and strengthen the epithelial barrier of the intestines.